Summary: This project explores the attitudes of religious people in Turkey toward scientific issues that have generated controversy in recent decades, and assesses the political implications of these attitudes. The contentious topics that the project focuses on are vaccination (mRNA vaccines in particular), climate change, and the question of “normalcy” in gender and sexuality. As these topics have revealed the ways scientific expertise can influence policy, the project also looks at religious political elites’ perceptions and their assumptions on the attitudes of religious citizens. Finally, the project seeks to understand how gender may influence attitudes toward these issues. The main questions this study asks are: What are religious Muslims’ views on vaccination, climate change, and gender and sexuality? How do they see the role of science in shaping policies on these topics? Do the views of religious political elites and religious voters overlap? In what ways can gender matter in